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Wheels and tires
Wheel the n I design, consisting of a rim and connecting element (disc) with the mountings. On a wheel mounted pneumatic tire, and then sacrale- Ute it on the hub. The wheels of the vehicle provide con- tact with the road surface, are involved in the creation and measurement with such direction, transfer the load from the mass car to the road. The wheels have the following requirements: • full compliance with applicable tire sizes the rigidity and structure of the rim; • secure mounting to the hub; • strength and durability; • minimum runout and imbalance; • ease of mounting and Dismounting tires. Wheels operational purpose transport th funds are divided into 7 classes: class 1 — for internal resultslove transport; 2 classes . . .5 — for vehicles depending on the load; classes 6 and 7 for truck tori and agricultural machines. Depending on the OS- main purpose of the wheel are divided into: 168 • leading, transforming torque from the TRANS- mission to traction force, causing the post- patelnie the movement of the vehicle; • managed perceiving through suspension tol- TIC stress from the body and with the help of steering pack- management sets the direction of the movement of vehicles La; • combined, performing the functions of leading and steered wheels at the same time; • support, create a support for the rolling back- her parts of body (frame) of the vehicle, converting the tol- the effort involved in rolling wheels. Depending on the structure of the rim and its connection with the hub of the wheel are divided into disk and diskless. Disco new wheels are installed on all passenger cars and most as commercial vehicles. Diskless wheels used are on heavy duty vehicles and buses. At the auto carts all terrain apply disk wheel with demountable rim. Standard design wheels cars and trucks with carrying capacity up to 1.5 t is one-piece, welded from two parts — disc and rim (Fig. 85). The discs are continuous with cuts with edges. Cutouts are made to cool the torus brake mechanism and reduction of the mass of the disk. The rim consists of: • flange, i.e. lateral stops for tyre, the distance between the points and is the width of the rim; • shelves, seat tyre, tilt United at 5 or 15° for transmission of forces in the district direction; • the stream, to facilitate mounting of the tire. The rim offset of the stream shall dis- distribution because of the ease of layout of the brake mecha- resource. Designated rim width and diameter through to Wheels tubeless tyres, must be greater gesture bone and better tightness. When tubeless radial- the actual tires used safe circuits for preventing the instant communication of the air outlet. However, this is somewhat complicates the tyre. Wheels of trucks and buses perform- camping with folding rim of the disk (Fig. 86) and diskless . The drive wheel needs to perceive vertical, lateral and longitudinal force from the road and send them th- RES is mounted on the wheel hub. The slope of the conical- Lok-rim: 5° — tire General purpose; 10° — tyres for arch and pneumococcal; 15° with rims for tubeless tyres. The hubs have 5-6 spokes, they are cast of steel or high-strength cast iron. Diskless rim type "triplex" consists of three sec- tori — two small and one large. Castles sectors machined, which increases the cost of construction. Rim has two tapered surfaces to land on the hub angles of 18 and 75°. The joints of the sectors of the rim are located on SPI- Zach hub. When landing at the end of the 18° the Board move to stop with the conical surface 75°, creating a preload Bor- tov and their installation with minimal radial and axial heartbeat. For tyres with adjustable air pressure is used disc wheels with demountable rim and spacer ring . The spacer ring presses the tire bead to sakri- we rim. The wheel to tires with adjustable pressure For large tires used diskless Ko forest. Due to the need to reduce mass and moment of inertia tion of the wheel it would be desirable for use in the car wheels made of light alloys or plastics. However the high cost of aluminum and large volume manufacturing towline aluminum wheels hampers their wide- enforcement. For the same reasons limited the use of Plast- mass of the wheels. In addition, they are characterized by difficulty to strengthen the fastening holes. Attaching the wheels. Design of fasteners Ko forests must ensure that: • precision centering of the wheels; • reliability, ease of installation and removal of wheels; • stability of an inhaling; • the ability to control the state of fixing. Disc wheels are attached to the flange of the hub nuts on bolt-on or pressed into the flange studs. Attaching the wheels is centered: • spherical or conical chamfers of mounting holes; • the Central aperture of the disc; • on the cylindrical surface of the mounting holes disk. On the wheels of the cars punch disk in the places of mounting holes create an elastic de- formation of the thrust to torque and provide stability puff. The wheel of the truck is complicated the need for twin wheels. On standard mount wheel truck covers used a separate mounting of indoor and outdoor dis- cov. The internal disk is centered and secured to Colbacco- new nuts with external threads, and the outer disc- krasitsja nuts, navertyvanija on cap Gai CI. This mount has several disadvantages. To prevent exposure some of them it is recommended to apply on- district threads cap nuts gravitatorias AGR- Laden material. To exclude self-unscrewing left- th wheel fix nut with left-hand thread. Mounting single wheel trucks perform one of three types: • locking of the drive nuts on the spherical chamfer; • locking the disc bolts on the hub; • with fixation of the disc by the Central hole and crepe, tion zabalzagaray nuts with washer. Balancing is the process of removing neurono- velenosi wheels. There are the following types of balance- toos: • static — reducing the main vector of disba- lance's wheel, when the wheel axle and its main Central tion axis of inertia parallel ; • torque — reduction the focal point of dis- balance sheets when the axis of the wheel and its main Central tial inertia axis intersect at the center of mass of the wheel ; • dynamic — a reduction in imbalances of the wheel, cor- rektioli its dynamic unbalance, when the wheel axle and the main Central axis of inertia Runout and imbalance are closely related and are observed are together. As a result of the unbalance and BIE- deposits: • increase the vibration of the body; • deteriorating comfort; • shortens the life of tires, shock absorbers, steering wheel- new management; • increases fuel consumption and maintenance costs car. With increasing vehicle speed, the influence of these negative effects increases. Automobile tire consists of: • frame; • breaker; • protector; • sidewalls; • the camera or the sealing layer; • flaps; • the valve. To the tires of the cars are the tre requirements: • compliance of the elastic properties of the parameters of the car and traffic conditions; • chamber and tubeless tires mounted on the rim must be airtight and to provide for- this stability of the internal pressure at the time no; • coupling of tyres with road surface should be • sufficient, and rolling resistance — minimum tion; • the bus must provide a low specific load- ku in contact with the road; • the tread pattern needs to match road th coating ; • tires run out must not exceed the allowable value tions on the types of tires; • the level of traffic noise should be within valid; • the tire must have sufficient strength (about- devastate punctures and other damage), wear resistance of the tread and should provide given the longevity; • ease of Assembly and disassembly and repairability. Car tires are classified by appointment: • for passenger cars; • for trucks; • for vehicles with high cross; the method of sealing: • chamber; • tubeless; profile: • normal profile; • comprehensive; • low profile; • sverhnizkoprofilnye; • arch; • pneumocytes; size: • the large > 350 mm (14”); |
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