Brakes 2
Total device types and principle of operation
brake systems
In accordance with the rules of the braking control the AV-
tomobile should include the following braking systems:
• working;
• spare;
• Parking;
• auxiliary (brake-retarder).
Working brake system is used in all re-
the presses of the vehicle to reduce its speed to
full stop. Driven by the force of the foot in the
makers attached to the foot brake. Has
the greatest efficiency of all types of brake systems
the.
Emergency brake system is designed for stop-
CI car in the event of failure of the primary operating system.
Has less inhibitory activity than
the working system. Most often the functions of the replacement braking
the system can perform a serviceable part (circuit) of the working
the brake system or the Parking system completely.
Brake system serves to retain
when the vehicle is in place to prevent
spontaneous movement. Operated Parking brake-
tion system by the hand of the driver through the hand brake lever.
Auxiliary brake system is mandatory for
buses GVW of 5 tonnes and trucks
total weight over 12 t is Intended for braking
on long descents. Must maintain the speed
30 km/h on the descent with a slope of 7% with a length of 6 km
205
the number of car retarder is an engine
tel exhaust manifold which is covered by the ad
social damper. In addition, the slowdown can work to
confusion in the translation engine in the compression mode.
In General, the brake system consists of:
• brake mechanism;
• brake actuator.
Brakes when the system is prevent-
Ute to the rotation of the wheels, between the wheels and road
tion cloth is formed braking force, stop-
based car. Brakes are not-
mediocre on the front and rear wheels of the car.
Brake actuator transmits force from the driver's foot on
brakes.
The mechanical brake actuator as an actuator RA-
the working of the brake system at the present time, absolutely not
applied.
Brake hydraulic applied on all passenger
cars and trucks full weight up to
7.5 t, in combination with the pneumatic actuator the hydraulic actuator used
is and on vehicles of large mass (Ural -4320).
The hydraulic drive consists of:
• the main brake cylinder;
• working brake cylinders;
• hydro vacuum amplifier;
• pipelines;
• the brake pedal with fasteners.
When you press the brake pedal the piston in master qi
eration exerts on the fluid that flows through the pipeline
water to the wheel cylinders work. Since the liquid
almost not compressed, it transmits pressure
the braking mechanisms of the wheels. Brake mechanisms pre-
form is the force in the resistance to the rotation of the wheels and
cause braking of the car. If the brake pedal
to let go, the fluid will flow through pipelines back to
the main brake mechanism and wheels into it-
Xia. Hydrovac booster facilitates the creation of preference
the additional force transmitted to the brake mecha-
we, and facilitates control of the brake system.
To improve the reliability of brake systems of cars
Biel in the actuator apply various devices to enable it
agreed to maintain its efficiency at partial failure
brake system. For example, the separator auto-
automatically turns off when braking the defective part
brake actuator at the time of failure.
Brake mechanisms of the wheels
In brake systems of vehicles the most common-
wounded the friction brake, the principle of dei-
actions which are based on friction forces of the rotating parts
lay on non-rotating. Form the rotating parts are Thor-
brake mechanisms are divided into disc and drum.
Disc brakes are used
mainly for passenger cars; automotive
for the purposes of large class on all wheels, cars
small and medium classes — more often only on the front stake-
sea (on the rear wheels, apply drum brake
mechanisms). Recently the disk brake mecha-
devices have found application in trucks series
foreign firms.
The brake disc is fixed to the front wheel hub,
and clip, made of high-strength cast iron, attached
using the bracket on the steering knuckle flange.
Easily removable brake pads were placed in the grooves SKO-
. In the bracket there are two braking aluminum
cylinder placed on both sides of the brake disc.
When you separate or duplicate the drive the front and
rear brake mechanisms often in the bracket will churn on
two cylinders on each side (А3ЛК-2140). Cylinders
are interconnected by means of connecting pipes
CI. Installed in steel cylinders pistons seal-
are rubber rings, which thanks to its elastic-
they return the pistons to initial position when dis-
formazioni wheels. At the same time when they wear pads
allow the piston to move between the retaining block
and disc clearance nominal value (about 0.1 mm).
In a disk brake mechanism with floating caliper
the bracket can be moved in the slots of the bracket secured-
tion on the flange of a rotary fist. In that case the cylinder
(in some designs two or three) is with od-
Noah side.
Appeared design of disk brake mechanisms
MOU with swinging pendulum suspension bracket and one
sided arrangement of cylinder (s). This
design eliminates the possibility of jamming of staples, had been
sometimes giving in designs with floating caliper.
Drum brake with hydraulic under-
switching consists of two brake shoes with friction
pads mounted on a support disk. The lower con-
s Shoe pivotally secured on the supports, and the upper UPI
the selection of steel through the breadcrumbs, the pads in the pistons Rethimno-
th the wheel cylinder. Tension spring tightened-
took the pads to the pistons of the cylinder, providing the gap between
pads and brake drum in the inoperative position
brakes. When the flow of fluid from the drive wheel
the slave cylinder pistons it apart and pushing logs
key to contact with the brake drum, which rotation.
it has been reported together with the wheel hub. The friction force arising
about the drum pads causes braking of the wheel. After
cessation of fluid pressure on the pistons of the working cylinder-
the DRA returns the coupling spring pads in the original Polo-
proposal and braking ceases.
In another design, the drum mechanism hinge-
ones of the support pads are located at opposite SRT
- moval of the brake disc and the actuator of the each block complying with
apply a separate working cylinder. In this design
achieved a large braking torque and uniformity
wear of car brake pads.
Total device types and principle of operation
brake systems
In accordance with the rules of the braking control the AV-
tomobile should include the following braking systems:
• working;
• spare;
• Parking;
• auxiliary (brake-retarder).
Working brake system is used in all re-
the presses of the vehicle to reduce its speed to
full stop. Driven by the force of the foot in the
makers attached to the foot brake. Has
the greatest efficiency of all types of brake systems
the.
Emergency brake system is designed for stop-
CI car in the event of failure of the primary operating system.
Has less inhibitory activity than
the working system. Most often the functions of the replacement braking
the system can perform a serviceable part (circuit) of the working
the brake system or the Parking system completely.
Brake system serves to retain
when the vehicle is in place to prevent
spontaneous movement. Operated Parking brake-
tion system by the hand of the driver through the hand brake lever.
Auxiliary brake system is mandatory for
buses GVW of 5 tonnes and trucks
total weight over 12 t is Intended for braking
on long descents. Must maintain the speed
30 km/h on the descent with a slope of 7% with a length of 6 km
205
the number of car retarder is an engine
tel exhaust manifold which is covered by the ad
social damper. In addition, the slowdown can work to
confusion in the translation engine in the compression mode.
In General, the brake system consists of:
• brake mechanism;
• brake actuator.
Brakes when the system is prevent-
Ute to the rotation of the wheels, between the wheels and road
tion cloth is formed braking force, stop-
based car. Brakes are not-
mediocre on the front and rear wheels of the car.
Brake actuator transmits force from the driver's foot on
brakes.
The mechanical brake actuator as an actuator RA-
the working of the brake system at the present time, absolutely not
applied.
Brake hydraulic applied on all passenger
cars and trucks full weight up to
7.5 t, in combination with the pneumatic actuator the hydraulic actuator used
is and on vehicles of large mass (Ural -4320).
The hydraulic drive consists of:
• the main brake cylinder;
• working brake cylinders;
• hydro vacuum amplifier;
• pipelines;
• the brake pedal with fasteners.
When you press the brake pedal the piston in master qi
eration exerts on the fluid that flows through the pipeline
water to the wheel cylinders work. Since the liquid
almost not compressed, it transmits pressure
the braking mechanisms of the wheels. Brake mechanisms pre-
form is the force in the resistance to the rotation of the wheels and
cause braking of the car. If the brake pedal
to let go, the fluid will flow through pipelines back to
the main brake mechanism and wheels into it-
Xia. Hydrovac booster facilitates the creation of preference
the additional force transmitted to the brake mecha-
we, and facilitates control of the brake system.
To improve the reliability of brake systems of cars
Biel in the actuator apply various devices to enable it
agreed to maintain its efficiency at partial failure
brake system. For example, the separator auto-
automatically turns off when braking the defective part
brake actuator at the time of failure.
Brake mechanisms of the wheels
In brake systems of vehicles the most common-
wounded the friction brake, the principle of dei-
actions which are based on friction forces of the rotating parts
lay on non-rotating. Form the rotating parts are Thor-
brake mechanisms are divided into disc and drum.
Disc brakes are used
mainly for passenger cars; automotive
for the purposes of large class on all wheels, cars
small and medium classes — more often only on the front stake-
sea (on the rear wheels, apply drum brake
mechanisms). Recently the disk brake mecha-
devices have found application in trucks series
foreign firms.
The brake disc is fixed to the front wheel hub,
and clip, made of high-strength cast iron, attached
using the bracket on the steering knuckle flange.
Easily removable brake pads were placed in the grooves SKO-
. In the bracket there are two braking aluminum
cylinder placed on both sides of the brake disc.
When you separate or duplicate the drive the front and
rear brake mechanisms often in the bracket will churn on
two cylinders on each side (А3ЛК-2140). Cylinders
are interconnected by means of connecting pipes
CI. Installed in steel cylinders pistons seal-
are rubber rings, which thanks to its elastic-
they return the pistons to initial position when dis-
formazioni wheels. At the same time when they wear pads
allow the piston to move between the retaining block
and disc clearance nominal value (about 0.1 mm).
In a disk brake mechanism with floating caliper
the bracket can be moved in the slots of the bracket secured-
tion on the flange of a rotary fist. In that case the cylinder
(in some designs two or three) is with od-
Noah side.
Appeared design of disk brake mechanisms
MOU with swinging pendulum suspension bracket and one
sided arrangement of cylinder (s). This
design eliminates the possibility of jamming of staples, had been
sometimes giving in designs with floating caliper.
Drum brake with hydraulic under-
switching consists of two brake shoes with friction
pads mounted on a support disk. The lower con-
s Shoe pivotally secured on the supports, and the upper UPI
the selection of steel through the breadcrumbs, the pads in the pistons Rethimno-
th the wheel cylinder. Tension spring tightened-
took the pads to the pistons of the cylinder, providing the gap between
pads and brake drum in the inoperative position
brakes. When the flow of fluid from the drive wheel
the slave cylinder pistons it apart and pushing logs
key to contact with the brake drum, which rotation.
it has been reported together with the wheel hub. The friction force arising
about the drum pads causes braking of the wheel. After
cessation of fluid pressure on the pistons of the working cylinder-
the DRA returns the coupling spring pads in the original Polo-
proposal and braking ceases.
In another design, the drum mechanism hinge-
ones of the support pads are located at opposite SRT
- moval of the brake disc and the actuator of the each block complying with
apply a separate working cylinder. In this design
achieved a large braking torque and uniformity
wear of car brake pads.