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Brakes 2
Total device types and principle of operation brake systems In accordance with the rules of the braking control the AV- tomobile should include the following braking systems: • working; • spare; • Parking; • auxiliary (brake-retarder). Working brake system is used in all re- the presses of the vehicle to reduce its speed to full stop. Driven by the force of the foot in the makers attached to the foot brake. Has the greatest efficiency of all types of brake systems the. Emergency brake system is designed for stop- CI car in the event of failure of the primary operating system. Has less inhibitory activity than the working system. Most often the functions of the replacement braking the system can perform a serviceable part (circuit) of the working the brake system or the Parking system completely. Brake system serves to retain when the vehicle is in place to prevent spontaneous movement. Operated Parking brake- tion system by the hand of the driver through the hand brake lever. Auxiliary brake system is mandatory for buses GVW of 5 tonnes and trucks total weight over 12 t is Intended for braking on long descents. Must maintain the speed 30 km/h on the descent with a slope of 7% with a length of 6 km 205 the number of car retarder is an engine tel exhaust manifold which is covered by the ad social damper. In addition, the slowdown can work to confusion in the translation engine in the compression mode. In General, the brake system consists of: • brake mechanism; • brake actuator. Brakes when the system is prevent- Ute to the rotation of the wheels, between the wheels and road tion cloth is formed braking force, stop- based car. Brakes are not- mediocre on the front and rear wheels of the car. Brake actuator transmits force from the driver's foot on brakes. The mechanical brake actuator as an actuator RA- the working of the brake system at the present time, absolutely not applied. Brake hydraulic applied on all passenger cars and trucks full weight up to 7.5 t, in combination with the pneumatic actuator the hydraulic actuator used is and on vehicles of large mass (Ural -4320). The hydraulic drive consists of: • the main brake cylinder; • working brake cylinders; • hydro vacuum amplifier; • pipelines; • the brake pedal with fasteners. When you press the brake pedal the piston in master qi eration exerts on the fluid that flows through the pipeline water to the wheel cylinders work. Since the liquid almost not compressed, it transmits pressure the braking mechanisms of the wheels. Brake mechanisms pre- form is the force in the resistance to the rotation of the wheels and cause braking of the car. If the brake pedal to let go, the fluid will flow through pipelines back to the main brake mechanism and wheels into it- Xia. Hydrovac booster facilitates the creation of preference the additional force transmitted to the brake mecha- we, and facilitates control of the brake system. To improve the reliability of brake systems of cars Biel in the actuator apply various devices to enable it agreed to maintain its efficiency at partial failure brake system. For example, the separator auto- automatically turns off when braking the defective part brake actuator at the time of failure. Brake mechanisms of the wheels In brake systems of vehicles the most common- wounded the friction brake, the principle of dei- actions which are based on friction forces of the rotating parts lay on non-rotating. Form the rotating parts are Thor- brake mechanisms are divided into disc and drum. Disc brakes are used mainly for passenger cars; automotive for the purposes of large class on all wheels, cars small and medium classes — more often only on the front stake- sea (on the rear wheels, apply drum brake mechanisms). Recently the disk brake mecha- devices have found application in trucks series foreign firms. The brake disc is fixed to the front wheel hub, and clip, made of high-strength cast iron, attached using the bracket on the steering knuckle flange. Easily removable brake pads were placed in the grooves SKO- . In the bracket there are two braking aluminum cylinder placed on both sides of the brake disc. When you separate or duplicate the drive the front and rear brake mechanisms often in the bracket will churn on two cylinders on each side (А3ЛК-2140). Cylinders are interconnected by means of connecting pipes CI. Installed in steel cylinders pistons seal- are rubber rings, which thanks to its elastic- they return the pistons to initial position when dis- formazioni wheels. At the same time when they wear pads allow the piston to move between the retaining block and disc clearance nominal value (about 0.1 mm). In a disk brake mechanism with floating caliper the bracket can be moved in the slots of the bracket secured- tion on the flange of a rotary fist. In that case the cylinder (in some designs two or three) is with od- Noah side. Appeared design of disk brake mechanisms MOU with swinging pendulum suspension bracket and one sided arrangement of cylinder (s). This design eliminates the possibility of jamming of staples, had been sometimes giving in designs with floating caliper. Drum brake with hydraulic under- switching consists of two brake shoes with friction pads mounted on a support disk. The lower con- s Shoe pivotally secured on the supports, and the upper UPI the selection of steel through the breadcrumbs, the pads in the pistons Rethimno- th the wheel cylinder. Tension spring tightened- took the pads to the pistons of the cylinder, providing the gap between pads and brake drum in the inoperative position brakes. When the flow of fluid from the drive wheel the slave cylinder pistons it apart and pushing logs key to contact with the brake drum, which rotation. it has been reported together with the wheel hub. The friction force arising about the drum pads causes braking of the wheel. After cessation of fluid pressure on the pistons of the working cylinder- the DRA returns the coupling spring pads in the original Polo- proposal and braking ceases. In another design, the drum mechanism hinge- ones of the support pads are located at opposite SRT - moval of the brake disc and the actuator of the each block complying with apply a separate working cylinder. In this design achieved a large braking torque and uniformity wear of car brake pads. |
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