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SUSPENSION AND STEERING
In bus structures used two scheme we: • detachably-separation of power scheme, where there are two different element — frame chassis and body with a FA- novanam; • a frame-integral design, where the cross-members of the ima Ute external console full width of the body, to con- Tsam which are rigidly mounted on the frame body. For trucks and buses separated type the most widespread stair frame . For buses combined — type frame with cross-beams made on the whole width of the AB- tobosa Spinal frames have greater strength on the curl. For example, this frame is applied on freight o cars "Tatra", inside the pipe runs the cardan- ing shaft, carters bridges are elements of the frame, the suspension- Ki independent. The side members of the frames of lorries or buses you are discharging from plate steel (12 mm), cross rolled steel sheet (up to 8mm) or pipes. For the reduction of tion of the mass of the spars impart a variable cross-section. The most more widespread spars trough profile. The shape of the cross members fit for the set the various key units of the car. In the most tense different areas of the frame used amplifiers. Connection elements tov the frame and the mounting bracket is carried out on the bol- max, rivet, seam and spot welding, etc. Bolted connections are handy at repair, but require PE- periodic tightening during operation of the vehicle. In trucks are most common for- riveted connections, which enables easy production tion, and repair. In the construction of frames of cars apply a welded joint. Cast brackets are attached to the spars on salep- Kah and bolts, stamped — welded by electric welding. The brackets are attached to the spar web or to the wall and shelf, or both shelves. The cross-beams set in places of fastening of suspension brackets, the installation of silo- new Assembly, etc. These considerations and determined the number of crossbars of the frame, which is typically 5...7. Body trucks, as a rule, consist of two separate pieces: the driver's cab and bodywork cargo. Depending on the layout of the car being Ute bonneted and cabover cab. The cabin is fixed on the frame so that the frame distortions are not caused its ruin- tion. On modern trucks mount CA Bina driver is performed with the springs and dampers. Cab mass production manufacture stamping private sheet steel with a thickness of 1 mm. Panel ar- formed by ribs and are welded by spot welding- coy. A cargo body have a basis, coupled with the floor and in fact forming a platform and drop sides, and also rigidly mounted the cutting Board. Side Board can be divided into 2...3 sections depending on ha- britneh the dimensions of the loading platform. Body m- Ute from coniferous wood, of steel, duralumin and combined. Vans usually are made on a frame-separated scheme IU, and they have the Foundation, frame and cladding. For the bonds- the cladding of the vans used steel, duralumin, clois- th plastic and plywood. Body cars. In the U.S. large increases important got frame construction, which allows Ute a wide variation of models of the body and provide beam- Shua isolation of the body from vibration loads. In Europe the most common frameless power circuit, ensure the providing the lowest car weight. Body cars are classified into: • frame, made of massive open or closed profiles, cladding forms the volume of ku- the call and increases its rigidity; • skeletal, having a frame formed from a rental tion profiles of lightweight type, welded to- Litovka; • shell, running from a large stanoven- tion of parts, the outer and inner panels, the light United by spot welding in a closed power system mu from steel sheet of thickness 0.8 mm. Body this type is most common because possess- s technological advantages in the manufacture research Institute |
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