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ELECTRICAL equipment 2
Methods of electrical connection: a — series connection of current sources; b — Paral- lilinoe connection of current sources; in — consistent.. - maintaining current consumers; g — parallel connection users- lei current A series connection of consumers with all the current goes through every consumer. When PA- ruralnom the current connection, branching, is supplied to each home to the consumer separately. By car- changing serial and parallel connections. Magnetism and electromagnetism. In nature it occurs iron ore, which has the property to attract yourself steel and iron objects. This ore is called a natural magnet. If you attach to the magnet steel or cast iron items, they are magnetized. The subject- you carbon steel retain their magnetic properties and after exposure to the magnet. These steel pieces- you are called artificial magnets. Magnet or- addresses to his steel objects not only when imme- public contact, but also on the distance of the evidence confirmed the presence around the magnet's magnetic field. Each every magnet has two poles: North and South. When same- of the like poles of two magnets they otdelki- are reviewed, and the approach of opposite poles — or- Givaudan. The magnetic field around the magnets consists of a MAG- magnetic force lines directed from the North pole to the South. With magnetic tension magnetic tion field is reduced. If you skip through a conductor an electric current, around it creates a circular magnetic field without expression conjugated poles. When current flows through the conductor, collapsed in a spiral, the magnetic field, combine to form a spiral at the ends poles — North and South. If in the middle of this spiral space, to shift the core of mild steel with good magnetic conductivity, is formed of electro- the magnet having the properties of natural magnesium- TA. The magnetic field of an electromagnet can be increased or be reduced by changing the current strength or the number of turns of the spiral. With the increase of the current or the coils of an electromagnet force- is called the electromagnetic field. The coils are Shi wide application in devices of electrical equipment (generators- the Torah, the starter, the sound signal, the wiper, contacts roll-measuring devices) of the car. If a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field magnet (electromagnet), the result of the interaction magnetic fields of the conductor and the magnet, the conductor will be to be pushed. This phenomenon is the work of electro- engines. In the case considered, the electrical energy has it has been reported in mechanical. For converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy using the phenomenon of electro- netic induction. If a closed conductor cross magnetic lines of force, conductor occur- no electric current. The strength of the induced current depends on the length of the wire nick, the speed it crosses the magnetic field, density In current generators the conductors are made in the form of PE- tel. If such a loop placed in a magnetic field and rotation. the attention, the conductor induced EMF. On cars install generators, barabati- equation describing single-phase or three-phase current. If the conductors the generator, which induces a current, form one the winding (even with a greater number of turns), then will generate single-phase current. If the conductors form of three identical windings located on OK- roznosci at an angle of 120°, will inductivists three-phase versions tion current. Inducirowannoj EMF can also be com- konducta. When current flows in the winding of one of coils (the primary) creates around it a magnetic field, which covers the windings of the coil (secondary). When close and open the circuit of the primary winding, wok Ruth it appears and disappears magnetic field, poyavlyalsya- Xia or disappearing magnetic field of the primary winding PE- rescue turns of the secondary winding and the EMF occurs, which is called the EMF of mutual induction. This phenomenon the work is based ignition coil. Along with crossing of turns of the secondary winding of disappearing and appearing MAG- magnetic field crosses the coils of the primary winding also in which there is additional EMF. Semiconductor devices. In the system elektrooporu- it is apparent that the car used semiconductor device- ry — diodes and a triode (transistor). Semiconductor diode has the property to pass current in one direction- Sri. The diode consists of plates or Germany silicon, which is fused in a bead of aluminum or in Diya. At the border between them is formed a transition layer, having to be one-sided. Such diodes if- change as rectifiers. Semiconductor triode, called a transistor consists of a semiconductor plate base (for example, germanium or silicon), and two weld drops, forming two zones of conductivity. The electrode (a bead) to which is supplied a voltage, called the emitter, and another voltage, - name of the collector. Control of the conductivity transit- Stora is performed by means of current supplied to the base. Transistors can be used to enhance or interruption tion current. Battery, consisting of six svinto- in-acid battery is a chemical source nick DC and is used to supply electrical Kim current devices electrical equipment when narabotu- the next engine, when starting the engine with the starter, and when the engine on small rotational speed of crankshaft shaft. The device and principle of operation of a simple battery- the fan motors. The simplest battery consists of a container with held in her two lead plates, not with- rubbing with each other. The vessel is filled with the Consum- relic consisting of distilled water with added- eat chemically pure sulfuric acid in a certain Pro- the portions are. The electrolyte level must exceed the height plates, which ensures complete use of their over- ness. The thus prepared battery Zaria supplied from DC generator by connection of one plate positive and the other to the negative pole. When current flows through the plates and electrolyte (for- a number) in the accumulator is the process of conversion electric energy to chemical energy, which is expressed in about- the education of the plaque of the active mass on the surface of the plates. On a positive plate formed peroxide of lead Ko Sichnevogo color, and negative — spongy lead CE of the second color. The density of the electrolyte significantly increases — the battery is charged. The voltage of the dawn- proposed battery is 2 V. When included in a battery circuit of any of the con- the customer (s) is the reverse process of turning chemical energy into electrical energy, and the battery post- foam is discharged. While the active mass on the other Goy plates turns into lead sulphate, and the density of the electrolyte decreases. After full time some battery charges again and the efficiency of it restored. To increase the capacity of the battery (stock electrical energy) sets large number reshetka- ies of plates filled with active mass and be- ing two polublok. In this case, for the insulation between do positive and negative plates set separators are identified. Battery consists of six lead-acid acidic dvuhgolosyj batteries connected inter- do a sequence, which provides an in electric circuit operating voltage of 12 V, it is necessary- th power for all consumers on the vehicle. The device battery. Battery the battery has a translucent polypropylene body, divided by partitions into six compartments. - be treated as a separate battery. Top accumulato- ry closed total polypropylene cover welded- Noah to the housing by ultrasonic welding. The cover has hole for pouring the electrolyte in each battery Each battery consists of two alternating half-blocks- pouting plates: positive and negative. PLA- Stina same polarity are welded to the inter-element the connections (terminals) which serve for fastening the plastic Steen and conclusions current and connect the battery between do. Grid plates are cast from alloy of lead with up-to - the addition of calcium and antimony, which slows down the process razlo tion of the electrolyte and self-discharge of batteries. To increase capacity in the grid plates prasowy- the active mass prepared in an aqueous solution sulfuric acid from lead oxides — red lead (Pb3O4) and lead litharge (PbO) is positive for PLA- Steen and lead powder for negative plates. Same plate are connected in the half-blocks, end cialsis pin pin pin. The half-blocks with positive and negative plates collec- ly in the block so that the positive plate races rely between negative, so the last usually one more. This allows better use bilateral active mass of the positive extreme plates and prevents them from warping and breaking. The positive plate of the battery are placed in separators, manufactured as the envelopes of thin PLA stenovogo microporous material. This excludes their co- short-circuit negative plates and the smaller the tol- schina and high porosity of the separators facilitate the passage Benidorm through them of the electrolyte, lowers the internal resistance- tavlenie and ensure receipt of a discharge current pain shoy force. In addition, it eliminates short circuit plates dropdown active mass, thereby further to provide the plate directly to the bottom of the tank without edges and significantly increase the volume of the electrolyte over the place the tin and thereby increasing the refilling time distiller- bath water during operation of the vehicle. To facilitate checking of electrolyte level in each the battery water holes at the bottom are trubka- tide gauges (tubes). The lower section of the indicator located converges at the desired height from the level of the plates. When the normal |
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