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ELECTRICAL equipment
Basic information on electrical engineering. Modern the car can't work without electric current. When an electric current is the ignition working mixture in the gasoline and gas mixing engines start motor starter, operate light and sound- same for alarm, control and measuring devices, lighting and additional equipment. An electric current is called the directional movement- tion of charged particles in the conductor, and the force, under the action- eat which in the conductors of an electric current, - called the electromotive force (EMF). Sources of electric current are called such devices or assemblies that transform one type energy into electrical energy. For the production of electrical energy from the car us- Tanglewood a source of electric current generator and battery. The generator transforms the line- forge energy into electrical energy, and battery — chemical energy into electrical energy. Current sources and relay controllers Devices that convert electrical energy in other forms of energy are called consumers. Such the devices are lamps, the starter, electrode- engines of fan, wiper and heating the cab, the pointer of the water temperature, oil pressure in the engine and other devices. Some materials create a small resistance- of the passage through them of an electric current, they are called conductors. Good conduct electricity metal crystals, coal, aqueous solutions of acids and alkalis. As conductors connecting electrical equipment devices, use copper or aluminum wire. There are the materials are so poorly conducting electrical- cal current that they are almost used as nepovadno- Ki, or cells; these include rubber, ebonite, plastic weight, glass, etc. Substance, occupying a number of physical properties, in including conductivity, an intermediate position between conductors and neprohodnymi, referred to as semiconductor water experts. Some semiconductors have the property to form at the boundary surface between semiconductor- nick and the metal barrier layer, which transmits the current in one direction only. Semiconductors are used also for the manufacture of solar cells, thermistors, etc. As a semiconductor used silicon, selenium, germanium. Current sources, consumers and connecting Provo- Yes make an electric circuit. Distinguish internal and the external circuit: internal electrical Kaya chain is formed in the source current; external electric- electric chain are the consumers current and wire, uniting devices. A characteristic feature of electric- tration chain on the car is what one Provo- the home is the weight (metal car parts), and another wire are insulated wires. In connection with this electrical circuit in the car is called one- wired. Part of the EMF current source required to overcome tion resistance of the external circuit, is called strain- eat. The unit of voltage is volts (V). The amount of electricity that runs through is pepper cross-section of conductor in 1 s is called amperage The unit of current is ampere (A). Every conductor creates resistance to the passage current. Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω). Between amperage, voltage and resistance of the su- there is a dependence, which is determined by the Ohm laws: force is proportional to voltage and inversely Pro- portionally resistance. Work of electric current, executed in unit time is called power. Power is measured watts (W). Electric current passing through a conductor, heater for him. The amount of heat released when heated proportional to the square of the current, the resistance Pro- the Vodnik and the time of passage of current. On cars appliances electrical feed- HSIA DC. Is called a constant current, which which moves in the conductor in one direction only in unlike alternating current, which moves in the wire- nick in one, in other directions. Each constant current source there are two pole: positive (+) and negative (–). Legend but consider that in the external circuit a DC current is moving from the positive pole to the negative. On vehicles the pole negative pole of the current source is connected to the Mac Soi, ie the metal parts of the car. Consumers or current sources can be connected interconnected in series and in parallel. When, following him. conscious connection negative pole of one source nick connects with positive pole of another. In re- the result of such connection the total voltage is equal to the sum of voltages of all power sources. When the voltage of the current source 2 In (in lead Accu- mulator) to obtain the 12 V need to connect consecutive tional six batteries. With a parallel connection of current sources necessary should be connect among themselves like poles — Polo- positive with positive, negative with negative- indeed . In this connection sources current total voltage will be the same as from a single source nick current. Several batteries connected together, form a battery. |
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