| Monday, 04.29.2024, 11:33 AM Welcome Guest | ||||||||||
My site |
 |
|||||||||
| Home | Sign Up | Log In | RSS | ||||||||||
|
ENGINE 2
Diesel engines have no ignition, so as the ignition of the working mixture in the engine cylinders due to high compression. Crank mechanism perceives the pressure tion gases and converts the rectilinear extension, reciprocating motion of the piston in the rotator- Noah motion of the crankshaft of the engine. Gas distribution mechanism is designed for its- temporary intake into the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder necessary charge of the combustible mixture and the release from it. - bothasig gases. The cooling system serves to drain off excessive heat from engine components and to maintain an optimal so- temperature mode of the engine. There are liquid and air cooling system of the engine. Lubrication system designed to supply lubrication to true the available surfaces of the engine parts, remove heat from parts; mechanical ash particles, formed in the result Tata friction, and clean motor oil. The power supply system is used for the preparation of the combustible mixture in the gasoline and gas mixing engines feed it into the combustion chambers of the cylinders of the engine and removed- of products of combustion. In diesel engines the system supply provides the injection of fuel in mist the form in cylinders. The ignition system is designed to convert low voltage in high voltage in CE- Lew of the electric discharge in the combustion chamber engine cylinder for ignition of the mixture. In a single-cylinder engine in one working stroke when- located three preparatory cycles, resulting in such the engine runs unevenly. Moreover, the weight of the engine the signal per unit power, will be great. To address these deficiencies using the engines with a large number of cylinders, the rods of which are associated with the total cranks of the crankshaft. Structurally Ko lenity the shaft is made in such a way that the working cycles the cylinders do not match, and preparatory cycles at- are on the working cycles of the other cylinders. In this case the role of the flywheel is reduced, which reduces his Mas- su, and, consequently, reduce the overall mass of the engine, per unit of its capacity. Achieved Rav the principle in the operation of the engine. In multi-cylinder engines the cylinders featur- are in one row vertically or inclined, and in two number of 90° (or V-shaped arrangement). • the sump. The cylinder block is cast integral with the crankcase. And he is is a basic part of the engine, which is attached crooked- chipno crank, timing and all hanging devices and assemblies of the engine. It is produced from gray cast iron, less aluminium th alloy silumin. In the casting of the block casing is made in hygiene to flush coolant of the walls of cartridge cases cylinders. The sleeve can be press-fit, manufactured made of heat-resistant steel or cast at the same time with a cast iron block sump. The blocks from aluminum alloys made only with inserted sleeves. Internal the surface of the liners acts as a guide to move of the piston, it is carefully polished and is called the mirror. The seal casings is carried out using rings of SPE- special rubber or copper. At the top of the seal liner DOS thetsa due to the head gasket. Increase the lifetime of the liners is achieved by over- pressing in the upper part of them, like working in the most severe conditions (high temperature and aggressive gas Wai Wednesday), short thin-walled inserts kislotoupor- tion of iron. This ensures reduced wear of the upper cha- STI liner four times. The bottom of the crankcase is closed with a pallet, Vistana- baths of steel sheet, reinforced gasket Kar- tone or cork crumbs. The pallet is used in quality as a reservoir for motor oil and serves to protect the car tera from dirt and dust. The cylinder head closes the cylinder at the top. It placed the details of the timing, CA measures of combustion, provided with holes for candles or four senki pressed guides and valve seats- new. For cooling of combustion chambers in the head around them made of a special cavity. To create the tightness of the parting plane between the heads and the engine block sealed with steel or scaleability strips, and fastening implements- Xia studs with nuts. Head cast from an aluminum alloy (AL-4) or iron. From above they are covered with a valve cap, the strain- povinnoy steel or aluminum alloy, compacted samples- the Cova or oil-resistant rubber gasket. The engines with in-line arrangement of cylinders have one cylinder head, engines with V-neck accommodations have separate heads for each cylinder or group of cylinders, or a separate head for each cylinder. The plunger senses the pressure of the expanding gases at working stroke and transfers it via the piston pin and the connecting rod on the crankshaft of the engine. Is a inverted bottom-up cylindrical Cup, characterized th from high-silicon aluminum alloy. The piston has a bottom, the sealing and guiding (skirt) parts . The bottom and the sealing part composition- give the piston crown, in which the machined grooves for long- Savich rings. The bottom of the piston and cylinder head form mirouet the combustion chamber and work extremely hard in the- temperature conditions due to inadequate cooling. For some models of engines the pistons are made from standing- hell from special heat-resistant cast iron for top com- pressionado ring and perform at the bottom of the piston Toro- long combustion chambers with the recesses to prevent touch the bottom of the piston with the valves. Below the head the performed Nena skirt, that guide the movement of the piston. In a skirt Porsche- I have lugs with holes for the piston pin. The piston design should exclude its Salini- tion of thermal expansion of the engine. To this end head of the piston performing a smaller dia- meter than the skirt, which is made of oval form with the major axis perpendicular to the axis of the piston ring. In some pistons the skirt has a slit, prevent- would the jamming of the piston when heated-up engine La. The skirt of the piston can be applied colloid graphics Tomoe coating for protection from scuffing mirror qi eration and improve earnings. Piston rings are of two types: the comp- cressionnie and valve stem seals. Compression ring case serves to seal the piston in the cylinder liner and prevent the rotation of the blow-by from the combustion chamber into the crankcase DWI gates. Oil scraper rings are used for removing the over voltage protection- ing oil from the cylinder bore and prevent its falling- deposits in the combustion chamber. Piston rings are made of white iron, and oil can be made of steel. In order to enhance ing the wear resistance of the top compression ring under- porous chromium plating has been, and for the rest of us- karenia burnishing covered with a layer of tin or molybdenum. The ring has a slit (lock) for installation on the piston. The number of compression rings mounted on the pistons may be different for the various models lei engines, usually two or three rings. Macrochem- nye rings are mounted one by one on the piston. They composed of four elements: two steel split rings, one steel and one axial corrugated radial extenders. Piston rings can be of different geometry- ical form. Compression rings can be right moralnogo cross-section, having a conical shape and a recess on the upper inner edge of the ring. Oil Col CA also have different shapes: conical, shkrebko- first plate and with the extenders. In addition, the Mas- leshenie ring has a through-slot for the passage oil through the groove inside the piston. The groove of the piston for oil control ring has one or two rows of holes to drain the oil. Piston pin floating type ball provides- nimoe the connection of the piston with the connecting rod and held from axial displacement in the piston bosses of the locking Col persons. The finger has the shape of a hollow cylinder, manufacture linen stainless steel. Its surface is hardened cementation-and tempered by currents of high frequency. The connecting rod connects the piston to crankshaft the shaft of the engine and transmission at operating the pressure- of the expanding gases from the piston to the crankshaft. During the auxiliary cycles from the crankshaft che- cut the rod actuates the piston. The connecting rod consists of upper one-piece heads key with pressed sleeve of tin bronze and detachable bottom head into which the finely- wall the steel liners, covered with a layer of antifreeze- ZT alloy. The connecting rod is connected with a terminal double Tauri section. Split the bottom head of a rod with the power cover is attached to the neck of the crankshaft connecting rod- th shaft. The connecting rod and its cap is made of doped- Noah or carbon steel. Cover is processed in gathering with a rod. Room the crank and the mark on the lid should always be treated with disposed of in one way. In the Assembly of V-engines it must be remembered that the number of rods in the right cylinder- the moat turned the numbers back on the car, and Le- model number — forward and coincide with the inscription on the piston "Forward." The lower end of connecting rod and cap are joined bolt- mi and bolts with special lock washers. The nuts are threaded from the threads of espionage- Lek and bolts for self-locking action of the threaded connection. The liners of the bottom crosshead is made of steel Noah or steel-aluminum tape coated with antifreeze- ZT layer. As a coating use lead alloys, leaded bronze or aluminum alloy AMO-1-20. From turning in the lower conrod eye liners are held by stubs (antennae), which are fixed in the grooves, vyfrezerovkami in the connecting rod and its cap. The crankshaft support loads transferred connecting rods from the pistons and converts them to a torque mo- ment, through which the flywheel is transmitted to the units of the TRANS- the mission of the car. The crankshaft consists of a crank and Koren- tions of the necks, cheeks connected with counterweight, flange |
|||||||||