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Power system
The power supply system of gasoline engine In gasoline engines as fuel, prima- tween gasoline. Gasoline is a liquid legisprudence top fuel derived from petroleum cracking process or a direct by distillation. Gasoline must have certain properties. To the properties of gasoline include specific gravity, thermal latornell, evaporation and detonation. In addition, Ben- Zin must not cause corrosion of metal and a long period of time max to maintain their properties. On the tendency of a gasoline to detonation should stop Xia particularly. Under normal conditions of combustion of the working mixture the pressure in the cylinder increases smoothly. When applying fuel quality lower than that provided technical technical characteristics of the engine, and the installation is very RAS- him of the moment of ignition of the mixture burns at speeds up to 2000 m/s, nearly 100 times greater than optimal. TA- some explosive combustion is called detonation. Slope- the surface of the gasoline to detonation is conventionally estimated octane number. The higher the octane number, the gasoline less prone to detonation. In a modern automotive engine the teli is used gasolines with octane numbers from 72 to 98. Gasoline with a higher octane rating are used for engines with higher compression ratio. For the reduction of tion of the propensity of gasoline to detonation in it add ethyl fluid (poisonous in an amount up to 1 cm3 per 1 liter! of fuel). The workflow in the cylinders of the engine is very quickly. For example, when the rotational speed of a crankshaft 2000 rpm, each cycle is performed at 0,015. It could but to ensure only when the speed of combustion of 25-30 m/S. However, the combustion of liquid fuels is much slower. To increase the speed of combustion to an optimum values can only under the condition that the fuel be to milcetica particles to evaporate and carefully but mixed with the required amount of air. It has been established that the combustion of 1 kg fuel is required 15 kg of air. This mixture is called normal. However at a ratio of 1:15 the complete combustion of fuel is not the origin walks and part of it is lost aimlessly. For complete combustion of the fuel, the excess who- the spirit and the ratio of fuel to air should be 1:18. Such a mixture is called lean. But in this case in re- the result of excess air, reduction in speed combustion of the fuel and, consequently, the power loss of the engine the tell. When the magnification ratio more than 1:18 speed combustion of the mixture drops sharply, which leads to further drop in engine power. And at a ratio of 1:20 th- ruca mixture in the cylinders is not ignited, and when the ratio of fuel to air in the mixture is less than 1:6. To enhance the power of engine fuels should burn at a speed the closest to the optimal, and this is possible when the ratio of fuel and air 1 : 1 3 . Such a mixture is called enriched. As said RA- her, with that mixture complete combustion of the fuel is not occurs and reduces the efficiency of the engine, but achieved its greatest power. In the engine running mode there are the following- we work: • the cold start of the engine; • work on small rotational speed of crankshaft (idle); 62 • work with partial (medium) loads; • work with full loads; • work with a sharp increase in load or frequency crankshaft rotation (acceleration). For all of these modes of engine operation, the composition of the sorrow- whose mixture should be different. The power supply system of the engine is intended for ha- ration and feed to the cylinders of the combustible mixture, and ensure the regulation of its quantity and composition. The power supply system of carburetor engine includes yourself: • fuel tank; • fuel lines; • fuel filters; • the fuel pump; • carburetor; • air filter; • intake manifold; • exhaust manifold and the pipeline; • the silencer exhaust. |
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